IGCSE & O Level

​

Topic 1: The particulate nature of matter.

 

At the end of this one hour lecture, student should know:

• The three states of matter. 

• Understand and apply the kinetic theory of matter.

• Understand the changes of state.

• Understand diffusion. 

 

Topic 2: Elements, compounds and techniques.

 

At the end of this one hour lecture, student should know:

• Define elements.

• Define compounds. 

• Define mixtures. 

• Discuss various separation techniques. 

• Understand laboratory techniques. 

• Discuss, gel, sols and emulsions.

 

Topic 3: Atomic structure and bonding

 

At the end of this one hour lecture, student should know:

• Describe the structure of an atom. 

• Understand ionic and covalent bonding. 

• Describe the structure of glasses and ceramics. 

• Explain Metallic bonding. 

 

Topic 4: Mole calculations, formula and stoichiometry.

 

At the end of this one hour lecture, student should know:

• Define relative atomic mass. 

• Calculate moles using the four molar formulas. 

• Understand Avogadro’s constant.  

• Calculate formula of a compound. 

• Perform mole calculations in equations. 

 

Topic 5: Electrolysis.

 

At the end of this one hour lecture, student should know:

• Describe the electrolysis of Lead bromide. 

• Describe the electrolysis of aluminium oxide. 

• Describe the electrolysis of concentrated hydrochloric acid. 

• Describe the electrolysis of copper sulphate. 

• Electroplating. 

 

Topic 6: Chemical energetics

 

At the end of this one hour lecture, student should know:

• Understand how crude oil is refined. 

• Describe the use and harmful effects of fossil fuels. 

• Discuss alternative sources of energy. 

• Describe the working of batteries and cells. 

 

Top 7: Chemical reactions.

 

At the end of this one hour lecture, student should know:

• Describe factors effecting the rate of reactions. 

• Discuss Enzymes. 

 

Topic 8: Acid, bases and salts. 

 

At the end of this one hour lecture, student should know:

• Discuss acids and alkali. 

• Describe formation of salts. 

• Describe crystal hydrates, 

• Discuss titration. 

 

Topic 9: The periodic table. 

 

At the end of this one hour lecture, student should know:

• Electronic structure related to periodic table. 

• Understand group 1, group 2, group 7 and group 0.

• Understand transition elements.

 

Topic 10: Metals. 

 

At the end of this one hour lecture, student should know:

 

• Discuss metal reactions. 

• Decomposition of metal compounds. 

• Reactivity of the metals. 

• Identify metal salts. 

• Discuss the extraction of various metals. 

• Understand rusting. 

• Describe alloys. 

 

Topic 11: Air and water. 

 

• At the end of this one hour lecture, student should know:

• Understand the composition of air. 

• Separation of useful gasses. 

• Describe the reactions and uses of ammonia. 

• Discuss artificial fertilizers. 

• Discuss pollution. 

• Discuss the water cycle. 

• Discuss water pollution and treatment. 

 

Topic 12: Sulphur

 

At the end of this one hour lecture, student should know:

• Understand sulphur dioxide

• Understand sulphuric acid. 

• Understand the reactions. 

​

Topic 13: inorganic carbon chemistry. 

​

At the end of this one hour lecture, student should know:

• Discuss limestone. 

• Discuss carbonates reactions. 

• Discuss carbon dioxide. 

​

Topic 14: Organic chemistry. 

 

At the end of this one hour lecture, student should know:

• Discuss Alkanes.

• Describe the chemical behavior of alkanes. 

• Discuss Alkenes.

•  Addition reaction of alkene molecules.

• Alcohols. 

• Discuss carboxylic acids. 

• Discuss soaps and detergents. 

• Discuss condensation polymers.  

AS Level

​

​

UNIT 1: STRUCTURE, BONDING AND INTRODUCTION TO RGANIC CHEMISTRY. 

​

Topic 1: Formula, equations and the amount of substance. 

​

At the end of this   lecture, student should know:

• Understand atoms, elements and molecules. 

• Discuss equations and reaction types. 

• Discuss calculations involving moles.

• Perform calculations to find the empirical and molecular formula. 

• Mole calculations involving solutions.

​

Topic 2: Atomic structure and periodic table. 

​

At the end of this   lecture, student should know:

• Understand Atomic structure.

• Understand Mass spectrometry. 

• Understand electronic configurations. 

• Discuss the periodic table and the trends across the groups. 

​

Topic 3: Bonding and structure. 

​

At the end of this  lecture, student should know:

• Understand ionic bonding. 

• Discuss polarisation and ionic radii along with physical properties. 

• Discuss covalent bonding. 

• Discuss electronegativity and bond polarity. 

• Discuss simple and dative bonding. 

• Discuss shapes of molecules.

• Discuss metallic bonding. 

• Discuss solid lattices. 

​

Topic 4: Introduction to organic chemistry. 

​

At the end of this   lecture, student should know:

• Discuss the basics of organic chemistry. 

• Discuss Alkanes and their extraction from oil. 

• Discuss substitution reactions. 

• Discuss Alkenes. 

• Discuss isomerism. 

• Discuss Addition reactions. 

• Understand polymerization reaction.

​

UNIT 2: ENERGETICS, GROUP CHEMISTRY, HALOGENOALKANES AND ALCHOLS.

​

Topic 6: Energetics:

​

At the end of this   lecture, student should know:

• Understand enthalpy and enthalpy change.

• Discuss enthalpy level diagrams. 

• Discuss standard enthalpy change of combustion. 

• Discuss Standard enthalpy change of neutralization. 

• Discuss Hess’s law. 

• Discuss bond enthalpy.

​

Topic 7: Intermolecular forces. 

​

At the end of this   lecture, student should know:

• Intermolecular interaction

• Link top physical properties. 

​

Topic 8: Redox reactions and groups 1, 2 and 7. 

​

At the end of this lecture, student should know:

• Redox chemistry. 

• Electron loss and gain. 

• Oxidation numbers and construction equations. 

​

Topic 9: The elements in groups 1 and 2. 

​

At the end of this lecture, student should know:

• Trends in group 1 and 2.

• Reactions of group 1. 

• Reactions of group 2:

• Oxides and hydroxides of group 1 and 2 elements. 

• Thermal stability of these compounds. 

• Tests for ammonia ions. 

• Inorganic chemistry of group 7.

• Quantitative chemistry. 

​

Topic 10: Introduction to kinetics and equilibria

​

At the end of this lecture, student should know:

• Reaction rate, collision theory. 

• Factors effecting kinetics. 

• Reversible reactions and equilibrium 

​

Topic 11: Organic chemistry.

​

At the end of this lecture, student should know:

• Halogenoalkanes and their reactions. 

• Alcohols and their reactions. 

• Mass spectra and IR.

​

A Level

​

​

​

UNIT 4: RATES, EQUILIBRIA AND FURTHER ORGANIC CHEMISTRY.

 

Topic 11: Further kinetics:

​

At the end of this lecture, student should know:

• Measure rate of reaction. 

• Rate equation, rate constant and order of reaction. 

• Activation energy and catalyst.

• Temperature and rate of reaction. 

 

Topic 12: Entropy and energetics.

• Entropy. 

• Lattice energy.

• Born Haber cycle. 

• Enthalpy changes of solution and hydration. 

 

Topic 13: Chemical Equilibria. 

• At the end of this lecture, student should know:

• Equilibrium constant Kc and Kp.

• Factors effecting equilibrium. 

• Entropy and equilibrium.

 

Topic 14: Acid base equilibrium. 

• At the end of this lecture, student should know:

• Bronsted – Lowry theory. 

• Hydrogen concertation and PH scale. 

• The dissociation constant. 

• Acid base titrations. 

• Calculations related to titrations. 

• Buffer solutions. 

 

Topic 15: Organic chemistry. 

• At the end of this lecture, student should know:

• Chirality. 

• Carbonyl compounds. 

• Carboxylic acids. 

• Carboxylic derivatives.

• Spectroscopy and chromatography. 

 

UNIT 5: Transition metals and organic nitrogen chemistry. 

 

Topic 16: Redox Equilibrium. 

 

At the end of this lecture, student should know:

• Standard electrode potential.

• Fuel cells.

• Redox titrations. 

 

Topic 17: Transition metals. 

 

• At the end of this lecture, student should know:

• Principles of transition elements. 

• Ligands and complexes.

• Origin of color in complexes. 

• Shapes of compels. 

• Different types of reaction. 

• The chemistry of cobalt, iron and chromium. 

• Transition elements as catalysts. 

 

Topic 18: Organic chemistry – arenes. 

 

At the end of this lecture, student should know:

• Benzenes and their reactions. 

 

Topic 19: Nitrogen compounds. 

 

• At the end of this lecture, student should know:

• Amines, amides, amino acids and proteins.

• Acid base reactions of amines. 

• Amides and poly amides. 

• Amino acids. 

• Proteins. 

 

Topic 20: Organic synthesis. 

​

At the end of this lecture, student should know:

• Organic analysis and synthesis. 

• Hazard, risks and control measures. 

• Practical techniques.